Vale is looking for solutions to reduce carbon emissions in the steel and mining industries, sectors that historically have a significant carbon footprint due to their high energy consumption. The key strategy involves the introduction and adoption of biofuels as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. 

Vale's main studies in this area include: 

1- Biomethane exploitation and integration into the pelletizing process;

2- Applications of ammonia in railway and shipping operations;

3- Integration of ethanol into mining operations;

4- Feasibility of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) for use in mining operations;

5- Hydrogen potential for hydrogen applications in various activities;

6- Feasability nalysis of the methanol in shipping operations;

7- Integration of biochar in the pelletizing process.